Athenian Democracy 4 Essay Example for Free

Athenian Democracy 4 Essay Who really made our type of government? We surely didn’t. It was amazingly the people of Athens. It started in 508 BC and is still around as we use it. It remains a unique and intriguing experiment in direct democracy where the people do not elect representatives to vote on their behalf but vote on legislation and executive bills in their own right Participation was not at all open, but the in-group of participants was constituted with no reference to economic class and they participated on a scale that was truly phenomenal. The public opinion of voters was remarkably influenced by the political satire performed by the comic poets at the theaters. Only adult male Athenian citizens who had completed their military training as ephebes had the right to vote in Athens. We have had that and many other laws changed around the government. In our government every few years the people vote on new people to represent them, hence the name â€Å"Representative† Democracy. However the Athenian people also voted on some of their leaders but that was done in the Agora, which is where every male land owner who is over the age of twenty would meet. This meeting was called the assembly. The assembly could be best related to our State Representatives. Then just above them was the council of 500, who monitored the assembly and gave them topics to discuss, as well as bills to vote on. Above the council of 500 come the Magistrates. The Magistrates job can be best described as the â€Å"Police in the Government. † Their job is to ensure that all the laws are being followed and act accordingly when they are not. The Magistrates, despite the amount of power that they hold, are still not the highest government official in the Athenian democracy, after them comes the Council of the 10 Generals. The Council of 10 Generals was in charge of the military. The Athens didn’t start by being a democratic city. It was started by Cleisthenes whose reforms turned Athens from an oligarchy (government by the few) to a democracy (government of the people). The key to Athenian democracy was Cleisthenes redrawing of the social-political landscape of Athens and Attica. The chief magistrate of the city was often called the Archon eponymous or ruler. His responsibilities included conducting investigations of legal cases, in particular those that involved the state. He was responsible for protecting the orphans and heiresses with no family and to appoint the choregos who was in charge of organizing the religious festivals. The move towards democracy reflects other changes in society. In the prehistoric period, throughout Greece, aristocratic families have provided the main fighting force, as cavalry. In the seventh century the Greek city-states develop the new military idea of the heavily armed soldier, the hoplite. A remorseless phalanx of hoplites becomes as effective on the battlefield as the tank in modern times. These soldiers provide their own weapons and armor, but this is expensive. Several of the Greek oligarchies, including that of Athens in the sixth century, reflect the power of this middle class of citizens. A strategic change of direction by Athens, early in the fifth century, gives these poorer citizens a new power. The military effort is diverted into building up an Athenian navy. Triremes, the fast warships of the time, need men to row them. Suddenly every citizen has a part to play, and the crews of a fleet of warships have a self-evident political strength. A more radical democracy, introduced by Pericles in 462, is almost an inevitable result. Approximately one hundred officials out of a thousand were elected rather than chosen by lot. There were two main categories in this group: those required to handle large sums of money, and the 10 generals, the strategy. One reason that financial officials were elected was that any money embezzled could be recovered from their estates; election in general strongly favored the rich, but in this case wealth was virtually a prerequisite. Generals were elected not only because their role required expert knowledge but also because they needed to be people with experience and contacts in the wider Greek world where wars were fought. In the fifth century BC, principally as seen through the figure of Pericles, the generals could be among the most powerful people in the polis. Yet in the case of Pericles, it is wrong to see his power as coming from his long series of annual generalships (each year along with nine others). His office holding was rather an expression and a result of the influence he wielded. That influence was based on his relation with the assembly, a relation that first lay simply in the right of any citizen to stand and speak before the people. Under the fourth century version of democracy the roles of general and of key political speaker in the assembly tended to be filled by different persons. In part this was a consequence of the increasingly specialized forms of warfare practiced in the later period. Elected officials too were subject to review before holding office and scrutiny after office. They too could be removed from office any time the assembly met. In one case from the fifth century BC the 10 treasurers of the Delian league (the Hellenotamiai) were accused at their scrutinies of misappropriation of funds. Put on trial, they were condemned and executed one by one until before the trial of the tenth and last an error of accounting was discovered, allowing him to go free.

Comparison Between the Play and Movie Versions of Death and the Maiden :: English Literature

Comparison Between the Play and Movie Versions of Death and the Maiden There is a significant difference between the play and movie versions of Death and the Maiden. The movie version emphasizes visual and sound effects, while the play highlights the importance of language. The movie version starts by playing a section from Schubert’s quartet Death and the Maiden. After the melodious music, viewers immediately see and hear lightening outside a small house as well as ocean waves clash against rocks. This contrast not only shocks the viewers, it also prepares them for the upcoming â€Å"action† in the movie. However, the play presents a different perspective. There are only two sentences that cover the above scene, â€Å"Sound of the sea. After midnight.† This simple language will generate imaginations inside readers’ mind and let them create their own movies. The movie version adds more stage directions to create an additional dramatic situation. We first saw Paulina cooking in the kitchen while listening to the radio. She then hears from the radio that Gerardo Escobar has been selected to be the head of the commission. She immediately drops the knife and walks out of the kitchen furiously. However, the above situation does not actually exist in the play Death and the Maiden. The play states that Paulina was sitting in a chair drinking before she heard a car stopped in front of her beach house. The movie version gives viewers evidences that Paulina knew Gerardo Escobar and was not happy about him being the head of the commission. The movie also adds a dialogue between Gerardo Escobar and Roberto Miranda. The main focus in the dialogue is the same as the â€Å"monologue† by Gerardo in the play. However, we can learn from the dialogue that a guy named Roberto Miranda helped Gerardo to get home. We can also tell from Paulina’s facial expression that she was shocked to hear Miranda’s voice. I like the added stage directions in the movie because it made me became very curious about what is going to happen next. The play’s beginning was no as interesting as the movie’s. I also liked the acting in the movie.

Case Study on India China Infrastructure

A Case Study, Overcoming Infrastructure Roadblocks: Are Chinese Lessons Relevant? This paper aims to document and analyse the different approaches in overall infrastructure sector performance for these two very different countries from the policy and institutional dimensions. It identifies factors that have worked in China and India. It also identifies some important lessons which could be relevant for future infrastructure development.For the last two decades, both India and China have grown at twice the global rate and If this trend continues for next few decades, with their vast labor supply, favorable demographics, and aspirations for reaching the developed world per capita income and consumption standards, these economies can be expected to have a significant impact on the world economy. China adopted a development model where manufacturing and exports are the key drivers of its economic performance. Related article: A. K. Kraipak CaseChinese government recognized that export competitiveness and manufacturing require connectivity to the global economy and, as a result, infrastructure development was propelled by a substantial and sustained drive supported by the government. The most remarkable common factor behind the success of infrastructure in China was the single-minded goal of sustaining economic growth and recognition of the importance of infrastructure development in achieving this goal.China’s unparalleled growth and poverty reduction in the last two decades has gone hand in hand with development of infrastructure stemming from its export-led strategy. India, the other â€Å"giant† in Asia, did not follow the suit of the successful this infrastructure model in building ahead of demand. Its development strategy from time to time focused on redistribution of wealth rather than growth. In the early 1980s, China was among the poorest nations in the world, with m ore than 60% of its population, or over 634 million people, living on less than $1 a day.By 1990, China reduced poverty to less than 33% and, by 2003, to 13. 4%. This was possible because of very high growth rates fueled by trade openness. India’s achievements on growth and poverty during the same period have been steady but relatively modest—the overall population living on less than $1 day declined from 54. 4% in 1980 to 42. 1% and 30. 7%, respectively, in 1990 and 2003. The total number of poor, however, remains high at over 325 million.To some extent, India’s overall performance was negatively influenced by the initial development model that emphasized import substitution and self-reliance, which was one of the contributing factors to its lack of trade openness for most of the period since independence. In the early fifties and sixties both countries had fairly similar levels of infrastructure assets and services. For example, China’s electricity outp ut at 7. 3 billion kWh in 1952 compares well with India’s power output of 6. 3 billion kWh in 1950-51.The Indian road network in 1950s was extensive at 400,000 kms compared to about one third that in China and both countries, about 40% of roads were paved then. India’s railway network at 53,000 kms was more than double that of China at 23,000 kms. India and China had similar numbers of telephone subscribers [pic] Though most Indian planning policies have continued to emphasize the importance of Infrastructure, they did not embrace the Chinese single-minded goal of infrastructure development, anticipating future demand and building ahead of time.India’s development model, which began with a balance between growth and distribution in the early fifties, was changed in mid-course with a greater emphasis on redistribution during the critical period of growth. A number of pro-poor programs were introduced which reduced overall fiscal space for infrastructure developme nt, even within infrastructure priorities, political interests drove the overall resource allocation, for example, in the 1970s and 1980s, government emphasized development of minor irrigation and rural roads as part of anti-poverty programs.Employment generation through construction of rural roads, and ground water and minor irrigation to support food security received much higher priority compared to need to enhance logistics to support industrial growth and improving overall economic efficiency. In five year plans a major goal was to connect all villages (with population of more than 1,500 inhabitants) with rural road network; however, this was done through â€Å"minimum needs program† supporting employment creation and leading to waste and inefficiency.Most of the roads thus created did not meet quality standards because fiscal space was not adequate to accommodate both the demand for resources for rural roads and also the national highway network which was getting conges ted. Even in the case of power sector, village electrification was a priority so as to provide power for the farms, but not necessarily to households. Emphasis on connectivity, without improvements in overall economic efficiency meant unsustainable financial burden on the government budgets.In the time of slower economic growth or external shocks such as wars and high oil prices, infrastructure investments were major casualty. China with its high economic growth rates and higher savings rates was able to allocate much larger resources for investments in general. In the 1980, China saved 35% of GDP whereas India’s savings rate was less than half at 15. 5%. This combined, with higher fiscal deficits in India, meant that it was not always possible to invest in infrastructure [pic] [pic] Planning Framework—Institutions, Processes, Incentives and AccountabilityDevelopment planning in any country can follow two broad models—it can either be an integral part of the pol itical decision-making process or it can be divorced from politics where technocrats keep a firm hold on the planning process as a matter of rational and efficient management. In China, planning followed the first model. The State Planning Committee (SPC), and its subsequent variants, have been and remain at the center of China’s political and economic affairs. The SPC sets the national policy agenda, makes important policy decisions, and even guides the lawmaking process to ensure that these decisions are implemented.Through a dual-track implementation system, its policy-making role also extends to closely monitoring and guiding policy implementation. Thus the Chinese planning institutions fully integrate political economy considerations in the process of designing and implementing development plans. In China, strong accountability for delivery of plans was embedded through powerful party structure and this has so far led to better economic outcomes in terms of growth and in frastructure development. The Indian planning process historically tended to be more technical than political.Although the Planning Commission, with the Prime Minister as the Chairman, had some institutional ties to the political decision-making process, the process has tended to be more technical in reality, captured at times by technocrats who wanted to ensure rational and managerial efficiency. The planning institutions in India at the national and state levels adopted a consultative process for the formulation of plans. Plan formulations for important sectors were undertaken by working groups with broad mandates and high levels of technical expertise.These working groups included not only representatives of the line ministries, but also financial sector, private sector, and academic institutions. This process of participation, however, worked well only in the initial phase of the preparation of formal plan documents. Most of the times, there was disconnect between targets and pe rformance, plan and implementation, and demand for resources and actual availability of funds. As a result, in most years until recently, infrastructure projects were actually built on a piecemeal approach.Unlike the dual-track system in China, overall implementation in India has more often been divorced from the planning process. Similarly, policy-making too was fragmented where, for example, a number of policy reforms have been often decided by committees and working groups, without the Planning Commission always being in charge of the process of reform designs or action plans for implementation. India’s planning ability, widely regarded as world class, was not backed by underlying incentives and accountability systems in China that delivered better outcomes. Infrastructure Sector ReformsThe planning framework for infrastructure was very different in China and India. Similar to their efforts in rural transformation and agricultural modernization, China was able to adopt a d ual benefit infrastructure development policy—to build infrastructure that will promote economic growth and to build systems that directly target poverty reduction. The vast program of building expressways was complemented with several programs that would directly benefit the poor. Having a centralized political system with complete State control made it possible to take risks that would have been more difficult under alternate political paradigms.The political costs of direct dissent were relatively small, if not entirely absent in China. Until 1994, the Indian government did not have a comprehensive framework for infrastructure. Most of the government interventions were through large number of sector ministries and departments—Ministry of Finance, Planning Commission, Pricing bureaus, state-owned enterprises (SOEs), etc. Since there were so many actors, the entire spectrum of infrastructure functions, namely, planning and policy making, regulation, production, and su pply tended to be dominated by public sector SOEs.The SOEs in these sectors had the skills and capabilities to influence important decisions; however, accountability structures were being weakened due to excessive interference by political â€Å"bosses†. Reforms in the Indian electricity sector have not been very successful, despite the fact that these were pursued more systematically with amendment of the Electricity Act in 1991, which allowed private sector participation and even 100% foreign ownership. This alone did not lead to real improvements on the ground until recently.Part of the problem lay in the lack of a credible regulator, partly due to a political setting that remained uncoordinated. The electricity sector in the Indian federal system remains on the â€Å"concurrent list,† implying responsibility for the sector by both the central government and the state governments. One of the most important factors that remained uncoordinated was the funding issue. A large number of states had followed the practice of subsidizing power for agriculture and, as a result, there was ambiguity regarding who was going to pay for the power.The financial status of most of the State Electricity Boards (SEB) was grim, with most experiencing large and unsustainable deficits. In the early 1990s, the rate of return on all SEBs combined was highly negative (-13. 5% of capital employed). Until 1998-99, private investments were allowed only in power generation in India. Private sector participation in power transmission was allowed but private sector participation in power distribution did not occur until 2003.Although many states have set up independent regulators that have been fairly effective, the fundamental issue of who pays for the subsidized power has remained an important challenge. Unlike India, however, China’s power sector reforms have been relatively more successful in terms of the level of foreign and private sector participation in reduci ng the funding gap. The foreign private sector was welcomed into China, not only due to the need to augment financial resources, but also for the needed manufacturing capacity to produce the power generating equipment for an ambitious capacity expansion program.Foreign direct investments (FDI) in China took various institutional forms such as joint ventures, build-operate-transfer (BOT) types of arrangements, equity joint ventures, loans, and equity in the existing energy enterprises. In 1996, the sector was further reformed under the new Electricity Law that created the State Power Corporation of China as an entity separate from the Ministry of Electric Power, thus signifying a first step to separating regulation from actual production and supply. Given the dual pricing system of â€Å"new plant, new price,† China’s power sector funding gap has not been as large as that of India.A majority of farmers in China believe this TO GET RICH, BUILD ROADS FIRST; TO GET RICH FA ST, BUILD FAST ROADS saying. Numerous recent studies have demonstrated that the greatest effect on poverty reduction can come from investments in the transport sector, particularly roads. It has been shown that an efficient road network increases access to services and economic opportunities, facilitates domestic market integration, lowers the cost of production and transportation, and allows healthy competition both domestically and internationally.In addition to accessibility, the quality of the roads also plays an important role in economic development. Although China had a late start, its achievement in building an extensive national road network in the last two decades has been unprecedented. With almost 30,000 km of expressways, China is fast catching up with the U. S. , which has the world’s largest road network. China is adding 5,000 km of expressway every year, expecting to reach a level over 80,000 km by 2020.Before discussing the current state of the Indian road ne twork, it is useful to touch upon three important trends that have significantly influenced the way in which road infrastructure has been developed and utilized in recent decades. First, there has been a gradual but persistent mode shift in India from rail to roads. In 1960, rail carried 85% of goods traffic and 51% of passenger traffic; by 2001, those percentages had declined to 23% and 13%, respectively. The vast majority of this demand appears to have shifted to the road system, which currently accounts for 70% of freight transport and 85% of passenger transport.Second, with rising GDP, demand for automotive and freight travel has grown rapidly and consistently. Third, despite the stunning growth in road transport demand, investment in new highway capacity has been anemic. These three trends, taken together, help explain the current state of the India's road infrastructure, which is now both woefully underdeveloped and over-utilized. Even though the Indian road network as a whole is denser than that of China, its highway component is comparatively underdeveloped.Despite significant improvements since the establishment of the National Highway Administration of India (NHAI), in contrast, India’s existing national highway network is characterized by slow speeds, heavy congestion and low service levels. It is not only the Indian road network that has remained under-funded —almost all other infrastructure services remain, at present, far below the level required to sustain the economic growth needed to address pervasive poverty Important lessons learnt On Infrastructure developmentWhen it comes to roads, the important goals for future development of India’s road infrastructure are given as follows:- †¢ Upgrading the capacity and efficiency of existing infrastructure. †¢ Establishing total connectivity for an all-weather rural road network †¢ Developing a modally-balanced transport system, particularly in urban areas †¢ Co ntributing to a reduction in regional disparities †¢ Contributing to sub-regional economic cooperation †¢ Putting a much greater emphasis on safetyIn order to perform their tasks more effectively, these national, state, and local agencies must collectively overcome a number of structural challenges, many of which can only be solved through policy or institutional reform. At the broadest level, the most pressing issues fall under the categories of poorly defined bureaucratic structure/mission, insufficient accountability, poor asset/system management, and inadequate resource mobilization. These categories can be broken down into greater detail as follows:Poorly defined bureaucratic structure/mission †¢ Unclear or overlapping responsibilities, often with no agency in charge †¢ Multiple mandates including roads, buildings, and irrigation †¢ Absence of clear strategic goals, mission statements, performance indicators, or investment plans Insufficient accountabil ity †¢ Failure to separate policy and operational roles for clear accountability †¢ Not enough consultation with road users †¢ Failure to report all relevant information Failure to impose sanctions on poor performance †¢ Absence of independent bodies to verify information and assess performance †¢ Inappropriate evaluation techniques that are merely input-based, focusing solely on accounting for expenditures against the budget. †¢ Taking into consideration the physical or operational conditions of the actual road network. Poor asset/system management †¢ Inadequate attention to data collection and analysis in decision-making †¢ Excessive focus on new investment vs. maintenance Uneconomical investments made under political influence †¢ Lack of competition in procurement †¢ Need for leaner staffing with greater skill-set diversification †¢ Declining investments in transport relative to GDP †¢ Input from private finance still ve ry limited †¢ Need to make better use of user charges in the form of gas taxes or tolling Though these problems are daunting, agencies at various levels within the government have taken initial steps to address them in recent years. Within the central government, notable examples include: Increasing the level of public funding for transportation within the Five-Year Plans †¢ Creating the Central Road Fund (CRF) to finance road development and maintenance through an earmarked â€Å"cess† (tax) on diesel and gasoline †¢ Operationalizing the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) to act as an infrastructure procurer rather than a provider †¢ Establishing the National Highways Development Project (NHDP) to upgrade the nationals major highway routes †¢ Amending the National Highway Act to expedite land acquisition, permit private participation in road financing, and allow for the tolling of public roads In addition to standard techniques, such as the issuance of state- and federally-backed bonds, more innovative public-private partnership arrangements have also been developed.Examples include BOTs (build-operate-transfer contracts, in which a private partnership builds and operates a facility for a fixed number of years, recouping its expenses plus a reasonable profit through tolling, before transferring the facility back to the state) and other forms of maintenance and operations concessions. Though there is an overwhelming recognition of the contribution of infrastructure in modern economies, the links between infrastructure and economic growth and poverty reduction is neither certain nor automatic. Infrastructure development results in improvements in productivity and in overall quality of life but the impact is still contextual.A study prepared jointly by three major development institutions—the Asian Development Bank (ADB), Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), and the World Bank (WB)—advocated that it is not enough to examine impacts of infrastructure without broadening and deepening the definition of poverty and economic growth. In the study, the impacts of infrastructure are seen to occur at three levels—first, through facilitating economic growth; second, through improving quality of life; and, finally, through enhancing broader social and economic capabilities. Nevertheless, manufacturing and exports have proven to be key drivers to economic performance of less developed and developing countries. Infrastructure provides connections to the global economy that are crucial for export competitiveness and manufacturing. China used infrastructure as a policy instrument and active political tool to reduce poverty and trigger growth.The Chinese government had a strategic vision that was combined with a sustained drive toward economic growth, which resulted in unprecedented growth, poverty reduction, and gains in efficiency, but at a cost of increased inequality and great r egional disparity. India started with a very rational approach of maintaining a balance between growth and distribution, but changed mid-course to a greater emphasis on redistribution. India learned the hard way that a greater emphasis on redistribution was not viable without robust and sustained growth. The resulting consequences were limited improvements in growth and poverty reduction with relatively little impact on income distribution.

Effective Professional Development Essay - 2593 Words

Effective Professional Development Effective professional development is intensive enough to allow people to develop new knowledge and skills (Cook, 1997). When entering into a professional development workshop, there are components which would allow you to believe you’re in the workplace as well as in a training environment. Professional development instructors believe that, professional development enriches teaching and improves learning for all students. It is an essential link to higher student achievement (Cook, 1997). Workshops help teachers gain support for the classroom to enable them to succeed. A classroom needs management strategies or practice with new curriculum materials (Boreen, 2000). Attending Professional†¦show more content†¦The following is an example of one school system that developed a mission statement for professional development: The mission for the Howard County Public School System is, to ensure the highest level of performance for all school system staff by providing a full range of professional development services, resources, and support to promote success for all students (Allan 2001). As teachers enter into new professional development opportunities they begin to bring the knowledge that they have received back into the classroom while while at the same time, enhancing the student experience. Educators must, however, consistently evaluate the effectiveness of professional development on job performance and student achievement (Characteristics, 1997). Courses Offered in Professional Development Professional development courses in reading and language skills, as well as math and science, have now been made mandatory for all teachers to learn new educational ideas and methods. Educators learn new ways to evaluate and teach reading skills; techniques are taught to enable children with reading disabilities to develop new strategies to make reading easier and a more enjoyable experience. Phonics are taught to help children learn different techniques in reading and language. Reading and writing are no longer seen as mechanical procedures, rather they are problem-solvingShow MoreRelatedProfessional Development Of An Effective Teacher1432 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many factors involved in the professional development of an effective teacher. Drawing on relevant literature, identify and explain four key aspects that are important for teacher development. 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Using a longitudinal, mixed methods program evaluation, the study discusses the level of training required to see measurable outcomes in teacher practiceRead MoreCharacteristics Of Effective Professional Development Schools790 Words   |  4 Pagesneeds to be solved. The results are usually directly relevant to decision making (McMillan, 2012). Examples of articles I have read involving applied res earch were those focused on identifying the characteristics of effective Professional Development Schools or Professional Development School models. 2. Mixed-method research uses both quantitative and qualitative methods. 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Random Drug Testing vs Employees Privacy Rights Essay

A. Court Cases Affecting Privacy of Employees and Drug Testing in the Workplace 1. Supreme Court cases affirming drug testing a. Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives Association 109 S.Ct 1402(1989) b. National Treasury Employees Union v. Von Raab, 109 S.Ct. 1384 (1989) 2. Other lower court and State court rulings a. Kraslawsky v. Upper Deck 56 Cal.App.4th 179, 66 Cal Rptr.2d.297(CA 4, 1997) b. Pettus v. DuPont, 49 Cal.App.4th402, 57 Cal.Rptr.2d 46 (1997) 3. Supreme Court cases dealing with Privacy in general a. Griswold v. Connecticut381 U.S. 479, dealing with individual rights to privacy B. How Do You Define Drugs? 1. Just Illegal Drugs on the Street? 2. Alcohol can be abused to? C. What is Reasonable Suspicion?†¦show more content†¦The act provided that programs had to be legal and be communicated to the employee. Discipline was left up to the employers discretion. If the employee was found guilty of criminal sanctions, the employer must administer some type of employment sanctions towards the individual also. Most of the programs were and are focused on rehabilitation and recycling of the employee back into the work environment. Privacy was extremely important with this act. It was important that the employer only used drug testing for pre-employment and not as an on going harassment of the employees if they were not found to be abusers. A number of legal definitions of privacy really have come about due to the 1890 Harvard Law Review article Right to Privacy, written by Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis. They felt that it is the right of the individual was to be let alone and that the press or anyone else should not infringe upon his/her privacy. I n conjunction with the Law Review, the case of Griswold v. Connecticut (381 U.S. 479) also addressed privacy. Justice Douglas wrote that the individual should be afforded a zone of privacy around their person, which cannot be violated by government intrusion. It is articles and cases like these that have shaped our current legal system and how they look at the individual privacy issue. Many cases have been decided on these decisions and articles. There have been someShow MoreRelatedSocial Justice Society (Sjs), Petitioner, vs. Dangerous Drugs Board and Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (Pdea), Respondents. Facts: in Its Petition for Prohibition Under Rule 65, Petitioner Social Justice Society (Sjs)1441 Words   |  6 PagesEN BAEN BANC [G.R. No. 157870, November 03, 2008] SOCIAL JUSTICE SOCIETY (SJS), PETITIONER, VS. DANGEROUS DRUGS BOARD AND PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY (PDEA), RESPONDENTS. 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Essay on Wrong Age, Wrong Choice Alcohol Abuse - 789 Words

Statistics show that alcohol make a big impact to the world and everybody in it. According to Wikipedia, â€Å"It is an an organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (-OH) is bound to a carbon atom† (Alcohol). Based on the people around the world, alcohol is an enjoyment for them to relax, to forget peer pressure and also is used as an excuse for people to hang out and get drunk. And it is also one of the reason lead to accidents and crime ,which happens almost everyday and kill many people. But a lot of people really don’t understand the actual dangers of alcohol. So they want to lower the minimum drinking age from 21 to 18 because they think 18 years old adult is enough mature to handle. Although in reality, it would kill†¦show more content†¦By keeping it at 21, It will strongly limit the high damages and danger alcohol can bring to the drinker and others. The Drinking Age Law should stay the same is the best option, in behalf of lowering it from 21 to 18 will irresponsibly allow a greater segment of the populations to drink alcohol in bars and nightclubs, which are not safe environments. To better understand this position, according to the police; half of drivers are arrested for driving while intoxicated or killed as alcohol-involved drivers in traffic crashes did their drinking at licensed establishments. Since it is deadly for lower it, kids that 18 are over-confident and think that they can control themselves by driving car after drinking alcohol that lead to getting hurt and also for the others. Clearly, people with higher age will have higher responsibility, more mature by controlling themselves whenever something occurs. Even though if crime is made by them, they can be punishment and have responsible for it without involving the parents. 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CQuest Marine Laboratory-Case-Study-Free-Sample for Students

Question: Discuss about the CQuest Marine Laboratory. Answer: Introduction Geographical location and natural resources plays an integral part in the overall development of tourism and there is number of examples worldwide that proves that there is more to this. It is obvious that the capacity to utilize the gift of nature to attract more tourists is a common strategy. However, it is also important to build proper capacities for tourists and use of proper business strategies to gain more and more competitive advantage, with an edge which is harsh as well as competitive time hold a vital space for every kind of business that engages in the industry (Dwyer et al, 2017). The situation can further get more and more complicated with the mindset of the overall success of companies like CQuest Marine Laboratory since the motive is the success beside all the other factors. In number of other cases it is impacted by the overall hospitality of the population with a present region. The tourists returning to the region depend on the level of satisfaction they had during the first visit. The word of mouth of promotion makes it more crucial as well as influential. The report will discuss in detail about the activities that CQuest Marine Laboratory has to undertake in order to expand and be able to attract tourists as well as scientists (Niewiadomski, 2014). Procedure/Methodology There are different methods which could be used like the methods of the maricultural certification which is investigated mainly by the personal communication. There are certain cash flow projections that are made with the grow out facilities. The regulatory constraints are also investigated with the personal communications of how the Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources are able to handle the research and development. The methodology is based on the operations and how the movement of the tourists groups have been able to lay down the cellular layout of the marine laboratory. This is also set through the tubular walkway. Findings The findings are projected based on the methods where there are different hatcheries that are important for the production of the marine aquarium fish. The CQuest is one of the largest hatchery where the other is the reef propositions with the small hatchery in Chicago. there are locations based on the research and development which is for the pilot age and for handling the supply of the small numbers with the tank raised fish to the marine aquarium. The market also includes the closed systems of the hatcheries with the productions of the marine aquarium fish. As per the effect, Doug and Amy has been able to realize about the non-optimized values that lead to the permits which are generally to allow the people working on a particular platform to handle the secured faster catamaran. The tourism rotations with the morning depart and the platform at the lunchtime is set with the proper effectiveness to double and increase the revenue outcome. The high-speed catamarans are also required for the 120 people to handle the platform settlement. Inorder to manage the quality, there are voyage to the platform which is a major concern. Operational issues The issues related to cost containment where the laboratory is challenged to find the ways to reduce the cost without sacrificing the quality standards. This is important for meeting the expectations of the people. Along with this, there is a need to work on the examination of possibilities with the cost savings. Labor shortage: For the hospitality, there is a need for the butler style services where there will be major impact on the industry. Along with this, the challenges are on expansion but limitations on the human resources. The shrinking of the labor force is considered to be the major challenge for the society which needs to be handled through the proper worker satisfaction. The theory could be used is the integration and the globalization where there is a vertical integration that is considered a major trend for the companies. The guest accommodation with the varying prices of the amenities can have a major impact on the different segments of the market. The future is based on involving the globalization where the chains and the management techniques need to be met with the substantial amount of the money. It only consists of the aspects where the customers and the management processes are able to move across the national boundaries with the setup of global entities. The growing complexity of the customer with the technology growth helps in shaping the human resources. Here, the tourists need to focus on how the information will be able to frontline and work towards the knowledge that includes the offerings by the firm. It is difficult to understand the characterization with the low skilled and low paid personnel who offer the high degree of the cultural and behavioral diversity. With this, the scope examined is to determine the complexity of the issues and the impact timing. As per the operational issues, there are platform where the movement of the tourists is set around the cellular layout where there are some underwater observations also. For this, some of the tourists are able to participate through the snorkeling and through the diving tours. There are some who are not able to maintain with the better output, scientifically. The training is mainly failure due to the impact of the global warming. The major concern is about how the tourists tend to be bottle-necked in the complete day. There are issues with the plans of the tourists where the bottle necks occur on the platform. The other people seem to sit and enjoy the weather rather than going through the different adventure. The major concern of the team is to focus on the flowing designing so that the uniqueness will help in bringing more customers with the congregating of the experience, lunchtime and the embarkation for the return voyage to Cairns. For number of people, the concept of tourism is based on the idea of leisure travel which is actually synonymous with the vacations. However, the tourist boards and other related with the overall development, coordination as well as marketing in tourism tend to base the opinion of a broader opinion and for them the concept actually means that the travel for most motive with some exceptions take travel to work and migrate as a part of local activities (Falk, 2016). The culture quality with the proper use of experience and the scientific technology is important for the hatcheries to work on the production with the proper closing rate that tends to continue depending upon the demands which are positive and prolific. The idea here is to create content that can inspire the target market and create curiosity among them. This kind of inspirational as well as emotional marketing is can be used by every possible size of the company since there is huge advancement in digital platforms. Therefore, it is easier now to reach more and more au dience and consumers through digital platform. CQuest Marine Laboratory can use a compelling and a more customer based marketing to improve the overall revenue (Hingtgen et al, 2015). The economics of the culturing and the tourism is based on how the saltwater fishes are able to handle the culture cost with the undertaking of the millionaires who have been obsessed with the lack of funds or probability. The focus is on building the secured form of the faster catamaran which could be important for handling the tourism rotation with the double of the revenue. There are high speed catamarans that are for the platforms set to manage the quality of the voyage as well as the platform is concerned. The target audience must be completely taken by the concept and this further will help in growing the popularity of the company. In order to add to the overall popularity, it is important to add the cool factor with it and the success can be replicated by any kind of firm. Conclusion It is important to have some level of excitement while dealing with customer. The content created for marketing must be based on the experiences of the customers in the form of stories. The marketing strategy and expansion plan for a company like CQuest Marine Laboratory, the main strategy is always is to establish a series of goals specifically for the area with high level of valuation of the different tourist potential by attracting a large number of domestic and international tourists to this area and saving the effects of season with consolidation of varied position held on specific internal and external markets by launching new products and further obtaining an increased level of competitive tourist products by properly balancing quality as well as price (Yu et al, 2014). The tourism based products are about renewing the strategy that helps in increasing the activities in some arrangement of travel and for the travel consumers without functioning with different changes and many more like increasing the number of classifications. Reference Dwyer, L., ?orak, S., Tomljenovi?, R. (2017). Introduction. InEvolution of Destination Planning and Strategy(pp. 1-14). Springer International Publishing. Falk, M. (2016). A gravity model of foreign direct investment in the hospitality industry.Tourism Management,55, 225-237. Gursoy, D., Saayman, M., Sotiriadis, M. (Eds.). (2015).Collaboration in tourism businesses and destinations: A handbook. Emerald Group Publishing. Hingtgen, N., Kline, C., Fernandes, L., McGehee, N. G. (2015). Cuba in transition: Tourism industry perceptions of entrepreneurial change.Tourism Management,50, 184-193. Lee, D., Hampton, M., Jeyacheya, J. (2015). The political economy of precarious work in the tourism industry in small island developing states.Review of International Political Economy,22(1), 194-223. Lee, S., Upneja, A., zdemir, ., Sun, K. A. (2014). A synergy effect of internationalization and firm size on performance: US hotel industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,26(1), 35-49. Niewiadomski, P. (2014). Towards an economic-geographical approach to the globalisation of the hotel industry.Tourism Geographies,16(1), 48-67. Ponting, J., O'Brien, D. (2014). Liberalizing Nirvana: an analysis of the consequences of common pool resource deregulation for the sustainability of Fiji's surf tourism industry.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,22(3), 384-402. Riasi, A., Pourmiri, S. (2016). Examples of Unsustainable Tourism in Middle East.Environmental Management and Sustainable Development,5(1), 69-85. Yu, Y., Byun, W. H., Lee, T. J. (2014). Critical issues of globalisation in the international hotel industry.Current Issues in Tourism,17(2), 114-118.